Hip replacement, commonly known as total hip arthroplasty is a surgery to replace worn-out or damaged hip joints. The surgeon replaces the old joint with an artificial joint (prosthesis). Various types of arthritis may affect the hip joint.

Osteoarthritis

This is a degenerative joint disease that affects mostly middle-aged and older adults. It may cause the breakdown of joint cartilage and adjacent bone in the hips.

Rheumatoid arthritis

This type of arthritis causes inflammation of the synovial lining of the joint. It causes extra synovial fluid. It may lead to severe pain and stiffness.

Traumatic arthritis

This is arthritis is caused by an injury. It may also damage the hip cartilage.

If you have any or all of the following arthritis symptoms, you should consider a hip replacement:

• Severe hip pain that is not relieved by medication.
• Hip stiffness that restricts motion and makes it difficult to walk.

As a point of connection between the arm and our body, the shoulder plays an important role and serves many uses. Arthroscopic or open surgery might be advised to you by our surgeon depending on the severity of frozen or dislocated shoulder.

Below are the various kinds of shoulder surgeries that we offer.

• Shoulder Arthroscopy-Arthroscopic surgery is minimally invasive and does not require as long of a recovery time as an open surgery.
• Rotator Cuff surgery-Overuse or injury of rotator cuff, the group of muscles and tendons that form a sleeve or “cuff” over the shoulder joint, can cause damage to the rotator cuff, which can be repaired with surgery.
• Torn Labrum surgery-The flat, shallow portion of the shoulder blade is called the glenoid and this is where a rubbery tissue known as the labrum is found. The labrum allows your arm to move about while anchored into your shoulder. It’s overuse or injury might call for a need to operate it.
• Shoulder arthritis treatment-Arthritis is caused by inflammation of a joint, which leads to pain, discomfort, stiffness, and difficulty inmotion. Surgery to treat arthritis in the shoulder is most often done arthroscopically.
• Fracture repair-Fractured bones are knocked into a position that will require surgery to move them back into place. Depending on the nature of the fracture, this type of surgery may be done as an open incision or arthroscopically.

Knee joint is a hinge joint that provides motion at the point where the thigh meets the lower leg and is vital for any movement related activities.

Most common condition where knee replacement is advised to the patients is various types of arthritis such as Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease which is common in middle-aged and older adults and causes breakdown of joint cartilage and adjacent bone in the knees. Another disease is Rheumatoid arthritis, which causes inflammation of the synovial membrane and results in excessive synovial fluid, which in turn leads to pain and stiffness. Traumatic arthritis, arthritis due to injury, may cause damage to the cartilage of the knee and is another reason that knee replacement might have to be performed. In addition to the arthritis conditions, knee deformity or bowing in or out of the knee is another reason knee replacement should be considered.

In this procedure, knee joints are covered with metal and plastic parts at end of the bones that form the knee joint, and a knee-cap is also inserted.

Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure orthopaedic surgeons use to visualize, diagnose, and treat problems inside a joint. The word arthroscopy comes from two Greek words, "arthro" (joint) and "skopein" (to look). The term literally means "to look within the joint."Through the arthroscope, a final diagnosisis made, which may be more accurate than through "open" surgery or from X-ray or MRI studies performed the traditional way. Some of the most frequent conditions found during arthroscopic examinations of joints are :

Inflammation of Joints

For example, synovitis is an inflammation of the lining in the knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist, or ankle.

Acute or Chronic Injury

• Shoulder: Rotator cuff tendon tears, impingement syndrome, and recurrent dislocations
• Knee: Meniscal (cartilage) tears, chondromalacia (wearing or injury of cartilage cushion), and anterior cruciate ligament tears with instability
• Wrist: Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Loose bodies of bone and/or cartilage: for example, knee, shoulder, elbow, ankle, or wrist.

A tumor is a lump or mass of tissue that forms when cells divide uncontrollably. A growing tumor may replace healthy tissue with abnormal tissue. It may weaken the bone, causing it to break (fracture). Most bone tumors are non-cancerous (benign). Some are cancerous (malignant). Benign tumors are usually not life threatening. Malignant tumors can spread cancer cells throughout the body (metastasize). Most patients with a bone tumor will experience pain in the area of the tumor.

The pain is generally described as dull and achy. It may or may not get worse with activity. The pain often awakens the patient at night.

At Sohana department of Orthopaedics, we diagnose patients with the help of techniques like X-Ray, MRI and CT scan, if needed biopsies are carried out.

Removal of bone tumors is facilitated through the following treatments.

• Limb salvage surgery. Most tumors are removed through surgeries.
• Amputation
• Radiation therapy
• Systemic treatment (chemotherapy)

As the older population increases, so will the orthopaedic conditions associated with aging—the need to successfully rehabilitate these patients and return them to society. It is becoming increasingly important to keep older adults functional and independent. At Sohana Hospital, we follow 4 models of Geriatric orthopaedic care.

• Traditional care: The patient is admitted to a trauma ward where subsequent rehabilitation is primarily managed by the orthopaedic surgeon and team members.
• Regular: geriatrician input: A variation of the traditional model, which includes twice-weekly multidisciplinary ward rounds involving orthopaedic surgeons and geriatricians.
• Geriatrician-led rehabilitation: Post-operatively, patients are transferred early to a geriatric rehabilitation unit, where combined orthopaedic-geriatrician ward rounds will take place.
• Orthopaedic-geriatric co-care: Patients are jointly admitted by an orthopaedic surgeon and a geriatrician to a dedicated orthogeriatric ward. Pre-and post-operative assessments are undertaken by the geriatric team and rehabilitation may occur on this ward or in a step-down rehabilitation unit.