Problems Affecting the Cornea

Various issues can affect the health of a cornea. Some of them are:

• Corneal Ulcer
• Corneal Abrasion
• Keratoconus
• Arcus senilis
• Dry Eyes
• Corneal Degeneration

Retinal Problems

There are four retinal disorders:

• Retinopathy Of Prematurity – It is caused due to the abnormal development of retinal blood vessels and usually affects prematurely born babies. It may lead to blindness and retinal detachment.
• Diabetic Retinopathy – Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common issues among people who have diabetes. The high blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels of the retina. This damages the retina and during the advanced stages it may also lead to blindness.
• Retinal Detachment – The detachment of the retina from the layer underneath is called retinal detachment. If timely care is not taken, there are chances that permanent vision loss might happen.
• Age-Related Macular Degeneration – A damaged Macula can cause AMD which in turn may lead to a permanent vision loss.

For Diabetic Retinopathy patients

Generally, diabetics don't develop the disorder until they have been diabetic for at least 10 years. The primary care physician of any person who has been diagnosed with diabetes must refer the patient to an eye doctor for a dilated eye exam at least once a year. Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes abnormal changes in the blood sugar which the body converts into energy to perform normal bodily functions. Uncontrolled diabetes allows unusually high levels of blood sugar (hyperglycemia) to accumulate in blood vessels, causing damage that hampers or alters blood flow to your body’s organs —including your eyes. If our eye doctor discovers a retinal detachment or other serious retina problem, he or she may refer you to an ophthalmologist who is a retina specialist for surgical or medical care at Sohana eye care centre.

This is how the eye of children is different from adults

We all need a child specialist to maintain the general health of our kids, in the same way, their eyes also call for an eye specialist. This is because the eye care in children is entirely different from those in adults. Below are a few facts about children and how they might become prone to eye problems:

• During early childhood, the brain-eye connection is not fully developed. Thus, in case there is a deprivation of vision during childhood and the same remains unattended, it may result in amblyopia or lazy eye. This limits the visual potential of the child and there might come a time when even the glasses would fail to help.
• The disorders of development or congenital anomalies usually show up during the early stage of life. These may range from refractive errors which may hardly require corrective glasses, to squint or misalignment of eyes, ptosis or lid droop, congenital nasolacrimal duct block, and even cataract and glaucoma.
• Infants who are born immature, are of low birth weight or stay in the newborn nursery for a prolonged time, are prone to a disease called Retinopathy of Prematurity (RoP). RoP can adversely affect the vision. So, it must be screened timely considering the high-risk involved.
• Malnutritioned children often suffer from the deficiency of Vitamin A and the eye problems related with such deficiency includes corneal ulcers, dry eye, and even blindness.
• Children enjoy a very active lifestyle. They love to play outdoors and thus, are more prone to eye allergies and trauma.
• Increased screen time has also given rise to eye related problems.

Symptoms of eye problem in children

• Family history of eye disorders
• Misaligning of the eye or noticeable squint
• Red eyes, repeatedly rubbing eye, watery eyes, recurring eye infections
• Difficulty in reading or facing challenge while copying from the board while sitting at a distance

Do not confuse Glaucoma with Cataract

Glaucoma can be confused with cataract many times. Cataract also results in a painless, gradual loss of vision. The difference between both is that in case of cataract, the loss of vision is recoverable through a simple surgery called Phaco.

As told earlier, a healthy human eye, aqueous humor- a clear transparent fluid continuously secrets and drains out through the microscopic channels inside the eye and then into the blood vessels. In people with glaucoma, the fluid does not drain due to some defect and thus the increased pressure inside the eyes damages the optic nerve of the eye.

Glaucoma- Who is at the risk?

Anyone may develop the condition of glaucoma. It is just that some people are exposed to the problem at a higher risk than others. Here are a few risk factors that shows the possibility of Glaucoma

• People over 40 yrs of age
• Family history of glaucoma
• People who suffer from diabetes People with myopia for open angle type and hyperopia for close angle type
• People who struggle with hypertension
• People who struggle with migraines

Common Symptoms of Glaucoma

In most of the cases, the patient does not realize the gradual loss of sight until the vision gets significantly impaired. However, if the patient does not realize that there is some problem and glaucoma progresses without proper treatment, the below mentioned symptoms may occur in some individuals:

• Pain around the eyes when leaving a dark place/space. For example, as soon as you step out of a cinema hall
• Vibrant halo rings around light bulbs especially in the night and morning
• Frequent changes in reading glasses
• Sudden headache, pain, and redness of the eyes
• Reduced vision in dim lights, especially during nights
• Gradual decrease of side vision as the condition of glaucoma worsens

Symptoms include:

• A blurred vision
• Difficulty seeing or reading close
• Rolling of the eyes in children

Tests and Diagnosis

A refractive error can be easily diagnosed by an eye care professional during a routine eye check-up. During the test, the patient is asked to read a vision chart while testing an assortment of lenses to test the vision. A refractive error can be easily diagnosed by an eye care professional during a routine eye check-up. During the test, the patient is asked to read a vision chart while testing an assortment of lenses to test the vision.

LASER ASSISTED CATARACT SURGERY

Cataract is a condition that usually develops during old age as a result of clouding of the natural lens of the eye. The condition may also occur among infants and young children too. Cataract causes glare, blurred vision, and sensitivity to bright lights. As the condition worsens, it results in a progressive decrease in vision.

A healthy lifestyle prevents cataracts but in case the disease happens, it can be managed using spectacles. However, if the vision decreases as the condition worsens, the only option that remains is a surgery.

While the traditional manual Lasik eye surgery involves sutures during the procedure, Sohana eye care centre takes pride in owning the latest innovation in eye care technology.

Who Is At a Risk of Cataract?

• People above 60 years of age
• People who take steroids
• Exposure to ultraviolet rays
• People who have diabetes
• People who already have any eye injury

Symptoms

Increased blurring of vision without any pain is the most common symptom. The blurred vision may trouble more in bright light. The contrast and brightness decreases during early cataract. Some people may also feel glare while driving in the dark. As the condition progresses, the vision starts to deteriorate, interfering with normal routine activities.

• Ptosis
• Tear duct surgery
• Eyelid Malposition
• Eyelid Reconstruction
• Eyelid Lesions
• Eyelid lift
• Entropion Surgery
• Ectropion Surgery
• Eye socket reconstruction

Who Needs an Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery?

There is no denying the fact that there is no one better than your eye doctor to suggest you a surgery, here are a few symptoms that you may experience and know that you might require oculoplasty:

• More than required blinking of eyes
• Eyelids Hanging Downwards
• Sudden twitching of eyes
• Wrinkles or scars near eyes
• Eyelids tearing in or out
• Blocked Tear Ducts
• Tumors surrounding the eyes or growing inside
• excessive fat in eyelids
• Eyes bulging out
• Orbit Tumor
• Burning sensation in the eye

TYPES OF CONTACT LENSES

Hard Lenses

These are made up of a material known to be PMMA and are only used in special circumstances.

Soft Lenses

As the name itself suggests, soft lenses have a smooth surface and are made up of sophisticated polymers. These are very comfortable to wear.

RGP Lenses

RGP stands for Rigid Gas Permeable lenses. They throw off a look like that of hard lenses but are made of material that makes it easy for the oxygen to go from tear film to cornea.

TYPES OF CONTACT LENSES

These are specially designed lenses to help people with Keratoconus- a condition in which cornea takes the shape of a cone. These are multi-colored, customized, made according to corneal shape and sometimes these are the only option for Keratoconus eyes.

• Suffer from frequent eye infections
• Have severe allergies
• Are resistant to dry eye treatment
• Work in a dusty environment
• Cannot handle and take care of contact lenses
• Experience redness, persistent discomfort, or blurred vision

Some do’s and don’ts for contact lens users

• Keep your fingernails neatly cut
• Wash your hands properly before using lenses
• Avoid use of any kind of moisturiser, lotion, cold cream, or oily cosmetics before touching the lenses
• Clean the lenses with prescribed solution
• Store your lenses in a fresh solution inside the lens case
• Pay a visit to your doctor almost every 4 months
• Develop the habit of always handling one lens at a time so that the two may not mix

• Do not rub your eyes while you are wearing lenses
• Do not wear lenses for more than given time limit
• Do not use lenses if you experience redness or pain
• Do not sleep while you are wearing contact lenses
• Do not wash your lenses in hot water
• Do not switch brands of your contact lens care products
• Do not share your lenses with anyone
• Do not experiment with your contact lenses